Internal-combustion engine with fuel injected sidewise



Aug. 7, 1928.

' w. RIEHM INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH FUEL INJECTED SIDEWISE Filed April 11, 1925 1 1 1. N I 1, 15.22 c 5 f/ i jYL/EHL'UF ,w M M l zzurneys Patented Aug 7, 1928.

UNITED STATES- WILHELM RIEHM, OF AUG SBURG, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR 'IO FIRM: MASCHINEN- FABRIK AUGSBURG, NUERNBERG, AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT,

MANY, A CORPORATION OF GERMANY.

OF AUGSBURG, GER- INTER\NAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH FUEL INJECTED SIDEWISE.

Application filed April 11, 1925, Serial No.

Thisinvention relates to internal combustion engines, and particularly to internal combustion engines of the Diesel or other self-ignition type.

It is an object of this invention to provide in internal combustion engines of the character described a means for intimately mixing the fuel and air fed to the cylinders thereof.

Other objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent from the following description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawing.

In the drawing in which like characters of reference designate like parts throughout the several views thereof Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section taken on the plane of the line A B of Fig. 2 through a portion of a cylinder constructed in ac.-

cordance with this invention; and

Fig. 2 is a transverse section through the cylinder taken on aplane immediately above the piston of Fig. 1 and looking down wardly.

It is well known that in order to get a good combustion with internal combustion engines working with solid fuel injectlon the air necessary for the combustion must be brought into a rotary movement in order to obtain a good mixture with the'fuel injected. A more eflicacious mixture and therefore a more effective combustion can be obtained by using this invention as set out here which is that in conjunction with the rotary circulation of the air the'combustion. space in the piston head is formed as an -annular groove, further that the piston when in the inner dead centre position nearly touches the cylinder head, with the middle part of the piston head, so that there is scarcely any clearance. The piston on its upper stroke then forces the air from the inner part of the cylinder into the said annular groove, and in doing so, a whirling motion vertical to the circulating motion of the'air is obtained. I

Referring to the drawing, the air inlet valve a is provided with a screen or collar a in the usual manner, which will give the injected air the rotary motion. The combustion space I) in the piston head is an annular groove. The middle part of the piston head consists of a flat disc 6 and when the piston is in the inner dead centre position, there as a.

22,330, and in Germany October 20, 1924.

minimum amount of clearance between the cylinder head and piston head. Owing to this construction the air above the middle part of the piston is forced into the annular groove when the piston moves upwards, and a whirling or rotating motion vertical to the rotary motion as illustrated by the arrows 0 will be obtained.

By this thorough circulation of the air a good mixture of air and fuel is obtained, the fuel being injected through nozzles d fitted sldewise, (in the form shown in the drawing the nozzles are arranged diametrically opposite and positioned to discharge tangentially of the combustion chamber) and an excellent combustion is thus obtained. The outer rim. of the piston head is recessed at e to take the fuel nozzles.

It is thus seen that the air introduced into tary motion about the longitudinal axis of the cylinder. By the movement of the piston as previously described the air is then given a whirling motion transverse to the rotary motion, this rotary motion being continued. The fuel is then injected while the air, is thus rotating in a plurality of planes. By this means an intimate mixture of the fuel and air is obtained, thus insuring a proper combustion. It is to be noted that the air is introduced longitudinally into the combustion space of the cylinder while the fuel is injected perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder and tangentially of the combustion space, although other arrangements could obviously be used in accordance with this invention.

While the method herein described, and

the form of apparatus for carrying this method into effect, constitute preferred e1n bodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to this precise method and form of apparatus,

piston formed intermediate the periphery and the center thereof, the middle part of I a said piston being in the form of a flat disk,

said parts being so constructed that when 5 the piston is in a dead centre position the middle part all but touches the cylinder head thus allowing only a necessary clearance, said parts forming an annular combustion chamber, means for admitting air to the combustion chamber and for imparting a rotary motion thereto, and means for injecting fuel into the air in said combustion chamber while the air is thus in motion.

2. In an internal combustion engine of the character described, the combination of a cylinder having a cylinder head, a piston, said parts being so constructed as to form an annular combustion chamber when the piston is in a dead centre position, an air inlet Valve opening longitudinally of the cylinder into said combustion space, means associated with said air inlet valve for imparting a rotary motion to the air, and a fuel injection nozzle positioned to discharge into said combustion space transversely of the cylinder and tangentially of the combustion space. I

3. In an internal combustion engine of the character described, the combination of av cylinder having a cylinder head, a piston,

an annular groove in the head of said piston formed intermediate the periphery of the piston and the centre thereof and adapted to form with said cylinder head an annu-' 3Q lar combustion chamber when said piston is in a dead centre position, the middle part of said piston being in the form of a flat disk, and means for admittingair and fuel into said combustion chamber.

4. In an internal combustion engine of the character described, the combination of a cylinder having a cylinder head, a piston, an annular groove in the head of said piston formed intermediate the periphery of the I piston and the centre thereof and adapted to form with said cylinder head an annular combustion chamber when said piston is in a dead centre posit-ion, means for admitting cair to said combustion chamber, slots in the outer periphery of the piston head opening ing so constructed and arranged as to impart to the combustion air a rotary'motion and a whirling motion transverse to the rotary motion as the piston moves to said dead centre position, and means for injecting fuel into said combustion chamber while theair is thus in motion. "T

6. In an internal combustion engine adapted to operate on air and solid fuel injection,

the method of mixing said air and fuel which consists in rotating said air and also setting up a whirling movement in said rotating air, and then injecting the fuel into said moving air and imparting motion to said fuel such as to augment the movement ofthe air. I v

7. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder adapted to operate on combustion air and fuel injection and having a combustion space positioned within said cylinder, the method of operation which comprises introducing" combustion air into said combustion space and impartinga rotary motion thereto, imparting a whirling'motion to said air transverse to said rotary motion while continuing the rotary motion, and-injecting fuel into said air while thus in motion in a direction to augment the rotary motion of said air. v

8. In an internal combustion engine of the character described, a cylinder, a piston therein, said parts forming a combustion chamber within the cylinder space, means for admitting combustion air into said combustion chamber and for imparting a rotary motion thereto, means for imparting a whirling motion to said air transverse to said rotary motion during the continuation of said rotary motion, and meafis for inject-,

ing fuel into the combustion chamber while' said'air is thus in motion in a direction to augment the rotary motion of said air.

9. In an internal combustion engine of the character described, a'cylinder, a piston, said parts forming an annular combustion chamber within the cylinder space when. said piston is in a dead-center position, the

central parts of said cylinder and piston,

forming opposed surfaces lying adjacent each other, means for admitting air into said combustion chamber and for imparting a rotary motion thereto,- the parts being so constructed that on the inner stroke of said piston a whirling motion is imparted to said air transverse to said rotary motion in said annular combustion'chamber, and means for injecting fuel into said annular combustionchamber while the air is thus in motion.

In testimony whereof I have at'fixed my signature.

DR. WILHELM R I EH 

